What you will learn
Use moles and concentration correctly; balance material relationships; interpret pH safely; explain reaction rate and equilibrium; connect chemical properties to storage, compatibility and process control.
Course syllabus
- 1. Composition and concentration
Moles, mixtures and material balances
- 2. Acids, bases and reactions
pH, reaction rate and equilibrium without shortcuts
- 3. Chemical process safety
Compatibility, storage and process-control barriers
Free lesson · 34m
Moles, mixtures and material balances
The mole connects particle count to measurable mass through molar mass. Concentration can be expressed as mass fraction, volume fraction, molarity, molality or parts per million. These are not interchangeable without density, composition and temperature information.
A material balance states accumulation = input − output + generation − consumption. For a nonreactive steady process, generation and accumulation may be zero, but that must be justified. Mixing and dilution problems become clear when every stream has a flow and composition.
Label wet basis, dry basis and reference conditions. Sampling quality is part of the calculation: a precise laboratory result from an unrepresentative sample does not describe the process.
Use moles to connect mass and particles; define the concentration basis; write complete material balances; verify sampling and reference conditions.